19/MHS06/031 ADIGUN HAFSAT OLUWABUSOLA MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE ANA208 19/mhs/031 1. The viserocranium is one of the two areas that make up the skull. it is situated anteriorly to the neurocranium which partly encapsulates it posteriorly. both fom above and below. The viserocranium comprises of several bones that form the skeleton of the face as well as part of the jaw (facial skeleton). it also consists of bones surrounding the orbital cavities. comprises of 15 irregular bones, Three singular and six occur as Bilateral pairs. The three (3) bones are Ethmoid, Vemor. Mandible. and the six (6) bilateral bones are Maxillae(2), Inferior nasal conchae(2), Nasal (2), Zygomatic bone (2), Palatine (2), and Lacrimal bones (2). The neurocranium froms the cranial cavity that surrounds and protects the brain and the brain stem. The neurocranium is formed from the occipital bone, two temporal bones, two parietal bones, the sphenoid, ethmoid and frontal bones. they are all joined together with sutures. 2. The femoral triangle is a hollow area in the anterior thigh . many large neurovascular structures pass through this area, and can be accessed relatively easily. thuus, it is an area of both anatomical and clinical importance. The three borders include: superior border- formed by the inguinal ligament , a ligament that runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle. Lateral border- formed by the medial border of the sartorius muscle. Medial border- formed by the medial border of the adductor longus muscle. the rest of this muscle form part of the floor of the triangle. it also has a roof: Anteriorly, the roof of the femoral triangle is formed by the fascia lata. Posteriorly, the base of the femoral triangle is formed by the pectineus, iliopsoas and adductor longus muscles. the inguinal ligaments acts as a flexor retinaculum, supporting the contents of the femoral triangle during flexion at the hip. The clinical relevance of the femoral triangle include the FEMORAL PULSE - just inferior to where the femoral artery crosses the inguinal ligament, it can be palpated to measure the femoral pulse. the femoral artery crosses exactly midway between the pubic symphysis and anterior iliac spine. 3. Muscles that participate during 1/meter social distancing are : The thigh muscles- A) Anterior compartment ; those that flex the hip joint/thigh- i) iliacus, ii) psoas major, iii) sartorius- also flexes knee joint and leg. *Those that extend the knee joint/leg: iv) quadriceps femoris- a) rectus femoris, b) vastus medialis, c) vastus intermedius, d) vastus lateralis. B. Medial compartment- adduct the thigh and flex hip joint/ thigh: i) Adductors (longus, brevis, magnus). ii) pectineus. iii) gracilis- also flexes knee joint and legs. C. Lateral compartment: abducts thigh: i) tensor fasciae latae; connects to the iliotibial tract (iliotibial band, fascia lata) D. Posterior Compartment. * Gluteal muscles- i) gluteus maximus: extends hip joint/thigh. ii) gluteus medius; abducts thigh. iii) gluteus minimus; abducts thigh. Hamstring" muscles; all extend the hip joint/thigh and flex the knee joint/leg; iv) biceps femoris, v) semitendinosus, vi) semimembranosus. II) Leg Muscles; A, anterior compartment- all dorsiflex the ankle joint/foot. i) Tibialis anterior: also inverts foot. ii) extensor digitorium longus; also extends toes. iii) extensor hallucis longus; also extends big toe. B. Lateral compartment- plantar flex ankle joint/foot and evert foot. i) fibularis longus, ii) fibularis brevis. C. Posterior compartment- superficial group. i) gastrocnemius; also flexes knee joint/leg, ii) soleus, iii) plantaris; also flexes knee joint/leg. Deep group; iv) popliteus; flexes knee joint/leg, v) flexor hallucis longus; plantar flexes ankle joint/foot and flexes the big toe, vi) flexor digitorum longus; plantar flexes ankle joint/foot and flexes toes, vii) tibialis posterior; plantar flexes ankle joint/foot and inverts foot. III. Foot Muscles; A) dorsum of foot- i) extensor digitorum brevis; extends toes, ii)extensor halliucis brevis; extends big toe. B. plantar side (sole) of foot. 4. The viruses work by hijacking cells in the body. They enter host cells and reproduce. They can then spread to new cells around the body. Coronaviruses mostly affect the respiratory system, which is a group of organs and tissues that allow the body to breathe.Once inside the body, it begins infecting epithelial cells in the lining of the lung. A protein on the receptors of the virus can attach to a host cell's receptors and penetrate the cell. Inside the host cell, the virus begins to replicate until it kills the cell. This first takes place in the upper respiratory tract, which includes the nose, mouth, larynx and bronchi. mild version of symptoms begins to occur: dry cough, shortness of breath, fever and headache and muscle pain and tiredness, comparable to the flu.The lungs aren’t the only part of the body that can be affected by the virus. the infection can cause the heart to beat at irregular intervals and pump less powerfully, potentially leading to heart failure. “Sometimes people can have neurologic problems [like] dizziness or weakness in an arm or a leg, “And some confusion can occur because our brain is just not functioning as well as it should be.”Because the virus can be swallowed, it can also infect cells in our gut. digestive problems have been a common complaint among those infected.